Improvement of vehicle–turnout interaction by optimising the shape of crossing nose

Proper rail geometry in the crossing part is essential for reducing damage on the nose rail. To improve the dynamic behaviour of turnout crossings, a numerical optimisation approach to minimise rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage and wear in the crossing panel by varying the nose rail shape is presented in the paper. The rail geometry is parameterised by defining several control cross-sections along the crossing. The dynamic vehicle–turnout interaction as a function of crossing geometry is analysed using the VI-Rail package. In formulation of the optimisation problem a combined weighted objective function is used consisting of the normal contact pressure and the energy dissipation along the crossing responsible for RCF and wear, respectively. The multi-objective optimisation problem is solved by adapting the multipoint approximation method and a number of compromised solutions have been found for various sets of weight coefficients. Dynamic behaviour of the crossing has been significantly improved after optimisations. Comparing with the reference design, the heights of the nose rail are notably increased in the beginning of the crossing; the nominal thicknesses of the nose rail are also changed. All the optimum designs work well under different track conditions.     

Optimisation of railway crossing geometry considering a representative set of wheel profiles

A numerical method for robust geometry optimisation of railway crossings is presented. The robustness is achieved by optimising the crossing geometry for a representative set of wheel profiles. As a basis for the optimisation, a crossing geometry is created where rail cross-sectional profiles and longitudinal height profiles of both wing rails and crossing nose are parameterised. Based on the approximation that the two problems are decoupled, separate optimisations are performed for the cross-sectional rail profiles and the longitudinal height profiles. The rail cross sections are optimised to minimise the maximum Hertzian wheel–rail contact pressure. The longitudinal height profiles are optimised to minimise the accumulated damage in the wing rail to crossing nose transition zone. The accumulated damage is approximated using an objective criterion that accounts for the angle of the wheel trajectory reversal during the transition from the wing rail to the crossing nose as well as the distribution of transition points for the utilised wheel profile set. It is found that small nonlinear height deviations from a linear longitudinal wing rail profile in the transition zone can reduce the objective compared to the nominal design. It is further demonstrated that the variation in wheel profile shapes, lateral wheel displacements and the feasible transition zone length of the crossing will determine the longitudinal height profiles of the wing rail and crossing nose if all wheel profiles are to make their transition within the transition zone.     

十字交叉吊杆拱桥支座更换顶升方案研究

对某钢管混凝土十字交叉吊杆拱桥支座更换顶升方案进行分析研究,采用有限元软件分析并探讨主梁与梯道梁相接处的钢板连接、主梁与主拱相交处的橡胶圈、单点顶升与多点顶升、顶升位置、附加支撑以及顶升最大高度对拱梁受力性能的影响,得出相应结论及建议,为同类型桥梁施工提供借鉴。     

平面交叉口港湾式左转车道安全设计

在平面交叉口交通事故中,与左转相关的事故占较大比例,而设置港湾式左转车道,可有效改善平交路口的交通安全状况。分析左转车辆对交叉口安全性的影响,确定设置港湾式左转车道的主要因素,并结合国内外研究,从左转车道的长度和宽度等方面对左转车道的设计进行探讨,提出平面交叉口港湾式左转车道的安全设计方法并分析其安全效益。     

The use of gait parameters to evaluate pedestrian behavior at scramble phase signalized intersections

Pedestrian scramble phasing is usually implemented to reduce pedestrian‐vehicle conflicts and therefore increase the safety of the intersection. However, to adequately determine the benefits of scramble phasing, it is necessary to understand how pedestrians react to such an unconventional design. This study investigates changes in pedestrian crossing behavior following the implementation of a scramble phase by examining the spatiotemporal gait parameters (step length and step frequency). This detailed microscopic‐level analysis provides insight into changes in pedestrian walking mechanisms as well as the effect of various pedestrian and intersection characteristics. The study uses video data collected at a scramble phase signalized intersection in Oakland, California. Gait parameters were found to be influenced by pedestrian gender, age, group size, crosswalk length, and pedestrian signal indications. Both average step length and walking speed were significantly higher for diagonally crossing pedestrians compared with pedestrians crossing on the conventional crosswalks. Pedestrians were found to have the tendency to increase their step length more than their step frequency to increase walking speed. It was also found that, compared with men, women generally increase their walking speed by increasing their step frequency more than step length. However, when in non‐compliance with signal indications, women increase their walking speed by increasing their step length more than step frequency. It was also found that older pedestrians do not significantly change their walking behavior when in non‐compliance with signal indications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

岩溶区地铁隧道下穿跨河桥梁施工技术研究

以贵阳轨道交通2号线下穿南明河及团坡桥为工程依托,针对岩溶发育区不均匀浅覆土条件下地铁隧道穿越跨河桥梁施工中遇到的抗渗防沉等难题,在遵循浅埋暗挖法十八字方针的基础上进行方案优化。下穿施工前对河床低洼处进行回填,同时增设水平隔水层,初步解决了河水下渗难题。隧道开挖过程中在掌子面进行全断面帷幕注浆及超前管棚支护确保了拱顶的稳定性,采用悬臂掘进机掘进使地层沉降得到控制,二衬混凝土浇筑时采用缺陷预控技术避免了二衬背后出现空洞,同时采用动态监控量测,有效解决了围岩稳定及团坡桥沉降的难题。     

下沉短桩越顶问题的有限元分析

下埋短桩是一种介于抗滑键与全长桩的一种特殊的抗滑桩,在合适的位置上采用将桩顶下沉设置较短的桩就可使边坡达到设计要求的安全系数,而桩身内力较全长桩有所降低,因此从经济角度与受力方面来看,具有良好的应用前景,但是滑体有可能沿桩顶失稳剪出,导致边坡工程失败,在应用上受到了很大的制约.现以云阳县太公沱至余家包库岸大咀段库岸滑坡工程为例,对用下埋短桩治理后是否越过抗滑短桩桩顶问题,采用了有限元强度折减法验证.     

斜交转正交梯形装配式桥梁设计

针对装配式桥梁标准梁段跨越斜交地形、地物提出了采用斜交转正交梯形装配式桥梁的设计思路,并根据具体工程设计计算的结果,验证了该设计方法的可行性,为该类桥梁设计提供了思路。     

行人过街设施合理间隔

行人交通是城市交通的重要组成部分。在行人交通特性分析基础上，通过对行人心理、车辆行驶、道路通行能力等分析，提出了平面行人过街设施合理间距的分析计算方法。根据中国城市交通的一般情况，分别对城市中心商业区和城市一般地区的行人过街设施合理间隔进行计算，提出了相应的行人过街设施合理间隔的推荐值。     

对铁岭市银州路和广裕街交叉口改建工程的评价

重点从平面交叉口工程设计、交通安全设施、壮观和谐等三个方面对铁岭市银州路和广裕街平面交叉口工程进行评价。